Strings

Strings are not a type in C, instead are represented by a char[]
The final character is always the null character '\0'. This has to be accounted for in the size
Use double quotes " (instead of single like char)

Declaration

As with any array, the size can be left empty if assigned immediately:

char buffer[] = "something";

Or it need to be declared:

char buffer[15]; //Here it has space for 14 characters (+ null)
//do something

Also valid is to use pointers in the following way:

char * name = "John Smith";

This method creates a string which we can only use for reading.

Manipulating Strings

Using the string.h library, many manipulation functions can be used. The complete list of methods is here and the most important are:

strlen(s): Display the number of characters in a string (Not including the null character at the end!)
strcpy(buffer,s): Copies one string into a buffer (another)
strcat(buffer,s): Appends a string to a buffer (Has to have enough space)
strtok(s,del) and strtok_r(s,del,*s): Separates the string into tokens by the characters in the delimiter. How to use
char *strchr(const char *str, int c) searches for the first occurrence of the character c in the string and returns a pointer to it

To concatenate strings in C, the + operator does not work. The process is:

Create a new buffer string with enough size for both strings

Copy the first string into the buffer

Append the second string ``` c #include #include

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { char name[64]; char lastName[64]; puts(“Enter the name: “); fgets(name,64,stdin); puts(“Last Name: “); fgets(lastName,64,stdin);

char buffer[128]; strcpy(buffer,name); strcat(buffer,lastName);

printf(“Your name is: %s”, buffer);

return 0; } ```