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Strings

  • Collection of bytes (or rune)

  • Out-of-the-box support for Unicode strings (Where multiple bytes are required to store on character -> rune is a int32 value that represents one unicode code point)

  • Strings can be thought of of both bytes and runes:
a := "Hello 榇"
for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
    fmt.Printf("Character %v, Type: %T\n", a[i], a[i])
}

Will print

Character 72, Type: uint8
Character 101, Type: uint8
Character 108, Type: uint8
Character 108, Type: uint8
Character 111, Type: uint8
Character 32, Type: uint8
Character 230, Type: uint8
Character 166, Type: uint8
Character 135, Type: uint8

An each a[i] is treated as a byte. In the same way,

a := "Hello 榇"
for _, c := range a {
    fmt.Printf("Character %v, Type: %T\n", c, c)
}

will print

Character 72, Type: int32
Character 101, Type: int32
Character 108, Type: int32
Character 108, Type: int32
Character 111, Type: int32
Character 32, Type: int32
Character 27015, Type: int32

where every charaacter is a rune

Conversion

The strconv package includes many functions to convert strings to other data types, and in reverse, other types to string.

To convert an integer for example, special attention must be given to the method:

n := 100
input := strconv.Itoa(n) //Will be 100
input = strconv.FormatInt(int64(n), 10) //will be 100
input = string(n) // will be "d"

Processing

Packages like unicode and strings help with string processing. In particular, strings has some useful methods as:

  • EqualFold to compare irrelevant of case
  • HasPrefix, HasSuffix
  • Fields to split into a slice based on whitespace
  • Split to split into a slice based on a separator string
  • SplitAfter to split into a slice based on a separator string, keeping it
  • Trim to apply a TrimFunc fo the string